Though not always visible and sometimes seemingly minor, brain injuries are complex. It can cause physical, cognitive, social, and vocational changes that affect an individual for a short period of time or permanently. Depending on the extent and location of the injury, symptoms caused by a brain injury vary widely. Some common results are seizures, loss of balance or coordination, difficulty with speech, limited concentration, memory loss, and loss of organizational and reasoning skills.

Some considerations:

A traditional intelligence test is not an accurate assessment of cognitive recovery after a brain injury and bears little relationship to the mental processes required for everyday functioning. For example, students with brain injuries might perform well on brief, structured and artificial tasks, but have significant deficits in learning, memory, and executive functions. Recovery from a brain injury can be inconsistent. A student might take one step forward, two back, do nothing for a while, and then unexpectedly make a series of gains. A "plateau" is not evidence that functional improvement has ended.

Common accommodations for students with brain injuries include:

• Exam modifications
  
• Time extensions
  
• Taped lectures
  
• Notetakers
  
• Priority registration
  
• Alternative print formats