In collaboration with the groups of Tobin J. Marks and Alex Jen, Seng-Tiong Ho's group achieved VpiL=0.89V-cm with a pure phase modulator, which corresponds to VpiL=0.45V-cm in push-pull structure. Compared with conventional structures which can only achieve 6.5V-cm due to the large switching voltage applied on the thick cladding layer, the Transparent Conducting Oxide (TCO) based structure can directly apply the switching voltage on the electro-optic layer and therefore achieves 6.5X higher performance. Simulation shows the modulator can operate at 40GHz. The high speed sub-1V electro-optic modulator finds various applications in optical communication, RF photonics, and optical interconnect.
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