The J-1 Exchange Visitor Program was created "To increase mutual understanding between people of the United States and the people of other countries by means of educational and cultural exchanges." -- U.S. Department of State
As an Exchange Visitor (EV) at Northwestern University, 3 documents are very important in maintenance of your status. They are as follows:
Exchange Visitors should be familiar with J-1 visa regulations and the Department of State website.
212 (e) - 2 year Home Residency Requirement. Which EV is subject?
What does an EV have to do to fulfill this requirement?
Any EV subject to the 212(e) must spend two years physically present in country of citizenship or last legal permanent residence. Time does not have to be continuous.
What are the limitations of being subject to the 212(e)?
Note: Change of status to F-1 or O-1 is permitted, but only granted if the EV leaves the U.S., applies, and re-enters the U.S. in these categories. The 212(e), 2-year home residency requirement will still apply.
Can an EV have this requirement waived?
There is a 212(e) waiver process which is initiated and filed by the EV subject to the 212(e). More information on this waiver process can be found at the DOS website.
Which EV is subject?
Any EV in the Research Scholar or Professor categories.
If the Exchange Visitor (EV) completes his/her program participation (for any program period from the minimum 3 weeks to the maximum of 5 years) the EV is not eligible to begin another exchange program in the J-1 Research Scholar or Professor category for a period of 24 months.
EVs are eligible to enter the U.S. (if not subject to the 212(e)) in other visa categories and as J-1 EVs in the Short-term category, which is for a program period of 6 months or less. Any time in the U.S. on these other visa categories will not count towards the 24 month bar fulfillment.
If you entered the U.S. on a J-1 visa prior to November 2006 you are subject to a 12 month bar not the 24 month bar. For more information contact the IO.