IV. Elson called upon Paul Arntson to present the GFC proposal for reform of faculty governance. Arntson recalled that this subject has been on the table for about two years. At the beginning of the present year, he began work with an administrative assistant and consulted with past GFC chairs about research in other universities. He prepared a spreadsheet for this meeting showing faculty governance at eight universities including Northwestern. The University Senate created the GFC in 1939 and expanded its membership in 1975. It asked the GFC to take up the problem of the revised statutes and the question of the most effective organization of the University Faculty. The GFC has acted on that mandate to consider the governance of the University by the Faculty. This is University-wide governance, having nothing directly to do with departments, schools, or the College. The most important faculty governance occurs at the department and school levels, where matters of faculty hiring, promotion, tenure, graduate student selection, regeneration of the profession, and teaching at every level are decided, including curriculum and course staffing. What happens at the University-wide level is in many ways less important to the faculty, but it is important enough. The question now to be considered is whether we should continue with a structure instituted when the Statutes were written and last amended in 1975, or is it now time to make some more changes? A study of our peer institutions reveals a similar trajectory of development in faculty governance. Many realized in the ‘60s and ‘70s that it is no longer feasible to have a university senate whose members are not elected. Faculty members simply do not flock into meetings, and what we need is an elected representative body of the Faculty that works in collaboration with the Administration, so that the President, Provost, and other senior officers would be part of the proposed Faculty Senate. By contrast, the GFC now works by itself, sometimes bringing in administrators and then going to the Administration to discuss issues. At some point in time, Stanford, Emory, and other faculties surveyed went from an unelected to an elected body that then became a faculty senate. The GFC has looked at options ranging from doing nothing—which they feel is not a viable option—to strengthening the GFC and leaving the Senate to remain as it is, to creating an elected faculty senate that would include the President, Provost, and other senior administrators as non-voting members. The last of these options is traditional in many parts of the country. We would also establish a strong subcommittee system, without which research shows significant change does not happen. The infrastructure support of faculty governance lies in strong subcommittees that include administrators. For example, an education subcommittee would need the Associate Provost for Undergraduate Education to meet with it at appropriate times. An elected faculty senate that includes the President and the Provost would have the needed connection with administrators as well as necessary research and information. In summary, the proposal is to change our current structure in a way that would better ensure an effective flow of information and ideas. In shared faculty governance, the board of trustees has all the power; however, AAUP standards suggest there are limits to the board’s power in functions such as selection of faculty, promotion and tenure, curriculum, and classroom staffing. These are typically left to faculty governance. Arntson showed flow charts contrasting the present organization of faculty governance with the proposed re-organization. The coming change in the Central Administration makes this re-organization especially timely, setting in place a more robust structure of faculty governance. The new administration would be engaged with an energized faculty body that is ready to work with a new President. The two bodies that ensure continuity are the Trustees and the Faculty; administrations come and go. This makes the connection between Trustees and Faculty particularly important, assuring the institution the benefit of shared governance. An elected Senate based on a strong subcommittee system would under current proposals be established in the Statutes as it is at many other universities of our stature. At present, neither the GFC nor the Senate have bylaws. Such bylaws could ensure a more direct relationship with the Administration and establish joint communication with the Board of Trustees as can be seen at other institutions around the country. The base of the proposed structure, instead of the University Senate, is what is now being called a University Town Hall meeting, and is sometimes called the university assembly or university forum at other universities. An elected Faculty Senate would bring representative democracy; the University Assembly or Town Hall meeting is a form of direct democracy, constituting a potential check and balance on the Faculty Senate. Failing a quorum at an Assembly, its resolutions would be passed to the Faculty Senate, which would be required to respond to them. This system is in place at some of our peer institutions. A quorum at our present Faculty Senate is set by University Statutes at 40 members — a level of participation reached only twice in recent memory. A quorum of an Assembly or Town Hall meeting is variously set at 20% or 1/3 of the faculty at other institutions. These levels were met at Northwestern’s Senate during the Vietnam War but seldom if ever afterward. Today’s proposal is a first reading of the idea of an elected Senate, a University Town Hall meeting that would take place twice a year, and a subcommittee structure. A supportive response at the present Senate meeting would result in the drafting of bylaws and statutes identifying exactly how an elected Senate would operate, specifying accountability for faculty and administration alike. One example of operating rules is how presidential and provost search committees are constituted. AAUP presidential search standards strongly emphasize that faculties should choose their own representatives on such committees. This standard helps to ensure the legitimacy of the search process; but at present Northwestern has nothing written down. Instead, we have relied upon a oral culture surrounding governance procedures. In a university environment that has become increasingly corporate, an oral culture no longer works. Compared to many of our peer institutions, Northwestern is late in responding to the need for clearly defined accountability. |